Provide an in-depth explanation for the question below:
 
Using your understanding of the process and conditions required for photosynthesis, answer the following questions.
 
a. Carbon dioxide enters the plant through stomata present on the surface of leaves.
 
b. Photosynthesis mainly takes place in the _______.
 
c. Which pigment helps plants capture sunlight?
 
d. Water and minerals are absorbed by leaves directly from the soil.
 
e. Which gas is released as a by-product of photosynthesis?