1.
| Assertion: | When combined with soap, hard water forms a thin layer (precipitates of metal ions) known as scum. |
| Reason: | The presence of calcium and magnesium ions (\(Ca^{2+} and Mg^{2+}\)) in hard water limits the cleaning action of soap. |
2.
| Assertion: | Non-biodegradable detergents have straight hydrocarbon chains. |
| Reason: | The bacteria's cannot degrade non-biodegradable detergents. |