Answer all the questions:
 
State the universal law of gravitation and deduce its mathematical expression.
 
1. Newton’s universal law of gravitation:
 
This law states that,
.
 
The force between the particles is always , and it  where they are placed.
 
Let \(m_1\) and \(m_2\) be the masses of two bodies \(A\) and \(B\), placed \(r\ metre\) apart in space.
 
Fαii×iiFαiii
 
On combining the above two expressions,
Fαii×iiiiF=i×ii×iiii
 
2. The universal gravitational constant (G) remains the same .