Answer the case-based question given below:
 
Collect all the metal samples except sodium and potassium. If the samples are tarnished, rub them clean with sand paper.

CAUTION: Do not take sodium and potassium as they react vigorously even with cold water.

Put the samples separately in test tubes containing dilute hydrochloric acid. Suspend thermometers in the test tubes, so that their bulbs are dipped in the acid.

Observe the rate of formation of bubbles carefully.
 
a. A metal reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid but does not react with dilute nitric acid. Which of the following best explains this behaviour?
 
b. The correct ratio of concentrated acids in aqua regia is
 
c. What happens when aluminium react with dil. HCl?
 
d. The reaction of a metal with an acid is generally: